Dc Resistance Of A Conductor

Gunung Padang is a megalithic site located inwards Karyamukti village, Cianjur regency, West Java Province of Indonesia, xxx kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the metropolis of Cianjur or vi kilometres (3.7 mi) from Lampegan station. It has been called the largest megalithic site inwards all of Southeastern Asia, together with has produced controversial carbon dating results which, if confirmed, would propose that construction began every bit far dorsum every bit 20,000 BCE. H5N1 2014 study suggests, however, that the site mightiness convey been built much to a greater extent than recently, perhaps former betwixt the 2d together with sixth centuries CE. 

History 

H5N1 persuasion of Gunung Padang. The existence of the site was mentioned inwards Rapporten van de Oudheidkundige Dienst (ROD, "Report of the Department of Antiquities") inwards 1914. The Dutch historian N. J. Krom besides mentioned it inwards 1949. Employees of the National Archeology Research Centre visited the site inwards 1979 for a study of its archaeology, history, together with geology.

Location 

Located at 885 metres (2,904 ft) higher upwards ocean level, the site covers a colina inwards a serial of terraces bordered past times retaining walls of rock that are accessed past times well-nigh 400 successive andesite steps ascent well-nigh 95 metres (312 ft). It is covered amongst massive rectangular stones of volcanic origin. The Sundanese people consider the site sacred together with believe it was the consequence of King Siliwangi's campaign to build a palace inwards i night. The asymmetric stride pyramid faces northwest, to Mount Gede together with was constructed for the exercise of worship.[citation needed] The villages closest to the site are Cimanggu, Ciwangun, together with Cipanggulakan. The site tin live on accessed past times 2 possible routes From Sukabumi to Cianjur: From Warungkondang to Cipadang, Cibokor, Lampegan Pal Dua, Ciwangin, Cimanggu. From Cianjur to Sukabumi: From Sukaraja to Cireungas, Cibanteng, Rawabesar, Sukamukti together with Cipanggulaan. At the cease of June 2014, the Education together with Culture Ministry declared Gunung Padang Megalithic Site a National Site Area, roofing a full of 29 hectares (72 acres). On 1 Oct 2014, 

Excavation

surveyors halted earthworks activities temporarily due to these facts together with recommendations: H5N1 large construction is below the surface. H5N1 gist zone site surface area has been confirmed. Many man-made artifacts convey been discovered. The construction of the site spans iv eras. H5N1 recommendation has been made to extend the survey, including a renovation concept, every bit good every bit conservation together with management of the site. 

2014 Survey

Excavation has been criticized for existence improperly conducted. Gunung Padang was originally a natural volcano. Around 10,000 years agone (10 kya), maybe dorsum to 20,000 BCE, the modifications to the colina began. Around 9,000 years agone (9 kya), it began the construction of it existence wrapped inwards andesite columns. Around 7,000 years agone (7 kya), the site was renovated again together with they added parallel layers of rock columns. Around 3,000 years agone (3 kya), a novel grouping covered the construction inwards soil. 

2012 survey 

H5N1 survey conducted inwards 2012 showed the following: The site was dated 6,500 years BP (before present) past times carbon radiometric dating at 3–4 metres below the surface (12,500 years at 8 to 10 metres below the surface), together with the artifacts at the surface appointment to well-nigh 4,800 years BP. Based on geoelectric, georadar, together with geomagnetic testing, at to the lowest degree upwards to xv metres (49 ft) from the surface at that topographic point is construction amongst large chambers. Unlike the southward side amongst its five rock terraces, the due east side has 100 rock terraces amongst width together with pinnacle of 2 past times 2 metres (6 ft vii inwards × vi ft vii in). The W side besides has rock terraces but is soundless covered past times reason together with bush, together with the due north side has a 1.5 metre-wide staircase, every bit good every bit terraces. 

The site surface area is roughly 25 hectares (62 acres), inwards contrast for illustration to Borobudur Temple, which occupies solely 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres). Wall-side construction of the terraces is similar to that of Machu Picchu inwards Peru. 

Criticism

Thirty-four Indonesian scientists signed a petition questioning the motives together with methods of the Hilman-Arif team. Vulcanologist Sutikno Bronto states that the site is the cervix of an ancient volcano together with non a man-made pyramid. An archeologist who did non wishing to live on named due to the interest of the country's president who had ready a chore force, said that: In archæology nosotros normally discovery the 'culture' first. 

Then, afterwards nosotros discovery out the artefact's historic current we'll seek out historical references to whatever civilisation which existed about that period. Only together with thus volition nosotros live on able to explicate the artefact historically. In this case, they 'found' something, carbon-dated it, together with thus it looks similar they created a civilisation about the current to explicate their finding. 

Source of Copy : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Padang_Megalithic_Site