The Origins Of Malay

| THE INDONESIAN TRADITION PRAAKSARA  | Aksara is an ancient writings that render the cognition for the Indonesian people inwards history.And ever endure memorable every bit the ancestral human pre-history inwards Indonesia.

 A. Republic of Indonesia Society Traditions History Period Praaksara

1. Indonesian club periodization praaksara

Indonesia earlier the populace knows already has a tradition of historical characters. The operate of history is how a tradition of community was aware of his past. Consciousness is as well as thus he's recorded as well as transmitted to subsequent generations. Recording as well as inheritance as well as thus becomes a living tradition to grow as well as develop inwards society. How tin people who are non familiar amongst writing as well as transcend on his past times record? How tin people who are non familiar amongst his past times writings brand sense? Community inwards agreement the past times volition endure determined past times the nature of the fourth dimension the populace hear or "mental age".

From populace life praaksara times, nosotros larn the legacy of the tools from stone, bone, wood, as well as metallic every bit good every bit paintings on cave walls. The past times is alone left traces inwards history has locomote an of import factor inwards the attempt to write the history of human life. The traces incorporate data that tin endure used every bit stuff of historical writing as well as volition endure passed on from generation to generation to generation to generation. Traces the history of the historical traces of history is that experts state has data close historical events, thus it tin endure used for the writing of history. Historically in that location are 2 traces, ie traces of historical objects as well as intangible tangible traces of historical writing. Historical traces of tangible objects is the number of civilization / tradition inwards ancient times, for example, the tradition of Paleolithic era, Mesolitikum, Neolithic, megalithic, as well as perundagian.

a. The tradition of human life moves (Paleolithic era)

Humans endure inwards an historic menses of change, including species Pithecanthropus. They endure from gathering nutrient (food gathering), living inwards caves, all the same looking wild, has non been able to original nature, as well as non settle. Their civilization is frequently called the civilization as well as the civilization Ngandong Pacitan. Called Pacitan civilization because the tools are found inwards Pacitan civilization (in the Pegu Mountains South Coast Sewu Java) a chopper (penetak ax) is also called a handheld ax. Because it is all the same made of rock it is called a rock civilization (culture stone). Cultural tools are found inwards the hamlet Ngandong Ngandong (Ngawi surface area of ??East Java). There are tools made of os is called os culture. Also the ax found at Ngandong handheld, objects of rock flakes as well as a beautifully colored rock called Chalcedon.

b. Enhancement of human life into life one-half lived / semisedenter (age Mesolitikum)

They already convey to endure similar a kjokkenmoddinger progress (garbage shellfish) danabris sous roche (cave dwelling). These tools are hand-held axes (pebble) is also called Sumatra axes, hatchets (Hache courte), as well as pipisan.

c. Old human tradition of sedentary life (Neolithic era)

At this age, humans convey started producing food, which is seeking to commercialize a uncomplicated farming fields. Types of crops are sweetness potatoes, taro, rice, as well as barley. They utilization tools such every bit pickaxes improve foursquare or oblong rectangular axes as well as axes used to piece of occupation the land. Rectangular axes found inwards Sumatra, Java, Bali as well as West Kalimantan, spell on the Malay Peninsula is called ax ax shoulder. Hatchet shaped oval, commonly found inwards Sulawesi, Papua, or the islands of eastern Indonesia. Flakes tool for arrowheads as well as pike found inwards Sampung Lawa Cave (East Java) as well as Cabbenge (South Sulawesi). At Malolo (East Sumba) found a jug of water. At this time, in that location was migration from mainland Asia (Tonkin inwards Indochina) to the archipelago that came to endure called the Proto Malays inwards 1500 BC through the western as well as northern roads. Equipment used is of rectangular axes, pickaxes square, pebble (ax Sumatra), as well as ax handheld. Culture was past times Madame Madeleine Colani, French historian, called the culture-Hoabinh Bacson. Belief fourth dimension farming is to worship the god of nature.

d. Megalithic tradition

At this age, made of large rock tools such every bit menhir, dolmen, as well as sarcophagi. Menhir is a large rock monument where the spirits of ancestors, are found inwards South Sumatra, Central Sulawesi, as well as Kalimantan. Dolmen is a large rock tabular array (altar), contained inwards Bondowoso, East Java. Sarcophagus is a large rock coffin tomb. In Sulawesi, known every bit waruga sarcophagus.

e. Traditions fourth dimension perundagian

After settling down, they are getting goodness at making tools, fifty-fifty amongst the arrival of the Deutero Malays inwards 500 BC, they were able to brand a tool of metallic (often called the Dong Son civilization because it comes from the Dong Son). Age is called the historic menses of engineering scientific discipline proficiency. They also convey been familiar amongst rice fields as well as irrigation systems. Types of metallic objects are made inwards Republic of Indonesia at this time, amid others, every bit follows.

1. Nekara, which is sort of a large drum found inwards Bali, Bread, Alor, Kei, as well as Papua.
2. ax funnel, thus called because the funnel-shaped stalk. Other designations are the axes of shoes. These objects are used for ceremonies. Many are found inwards Makassar, Java, Bali, Island Selayar, as well as Papua.
3. Bronze statue, discovered inwards the surface area Bangkinang, Riau, as well as Limbangan, Bogor. In addition, in that location are jewelry bronze, Fe objects, as well as beads. The belief inwards fourth dimension perundagian is ancestor worship of spirits (animism).

2. The characteristics of the community praaksara

Once our ancestors came as well as settled inwards the archipelago, they abandon the tradition, the rules of society, as well as religion are adhered to past times them as well as their descendants. This tradition was passed on to the populace until now. The might of our ancestors knew earlier writing as well as earlier the Hindu-Buddhist civilization influenced past times Brandes grouped every bit follows.

a. Sailing ability

Ancestors of Republic of Indonesia came from Yunan BC. They've been goodness at the bounding main as well as had to utilization boats to locomote far inwards Indonesia. Sailing might is developed inwards this novel land, ie inwards the archipelago, given the geography of the archipelago consists of many islands. This status requires the utilization boats to attain the other islands. One characteristic of the boats that used our ancestors is an outrigger canoe, the boat that uses the tools of bamboo or woods that is placed on either side of the boat. Making the boat is ordinarily done inwards mutual cooperation past times men.

After a menses of per-undagian, shipping activities convey also increased. Bercadik boat which is the oldest remains of carry equipment was developed every bit a agency of transportation as well as trade. Evidence of might as well as progress on the canvass is sculpted reliefs of Borobudur temple from the eighth century. The reliefs depict 3 types of boats, namely

1) a large boat that bercadik,

2) a large boat that is non bercadik, and

3) canoes

b. Ability bersawah

System of rice began to endure known of Republic of Indonesia since the Neolithic era, the human being settled life. They are compelled to assay something that is produced (food producing). Rice farming scheme starts from a uncomplicated farm scheme that has non been much utilization of technology, as well as thus increased amongst the irrigation engineering scientific discipline was born until the rice system.

c. Know astronomy

Knowledge of astronomy (astronomy) already owned the ancestors of Indonesia. Republic of Indonesia has come upwards to know the community of scientific discipline as well as utilize engineering scientific discipline every bit the flavor winds driving forcefulness inwards the shipping as well as trading activities. Besides existence used to seat the season, the scientific discipline of astronomy has also been used every bit a guide the management of the voyage, the Star of South Dipper as well as Southern Cross (the Javanese called Latitude Gubug Penceng) for pointing to the due south as well as the North Star Big Dipper to betoken north. The might of astronomy as well as the monsoons convey led them to canvass westward to the isle of Madagascar, to the due east to Easter Island, as well as southward to New Zealand as well as to the due north to the Japanese Islands. Astronomical cognition is also used inwards agriculture past times utilizing Star plough every bit early on harbinger of the rainy season.

d. Mocopat System

Mocopat is a belief scheme that is based on the partition of the 4 directions of the compass, ie north, south, westward as well as east. Mocopat scheme associated amongst the establishment of buildings, downtown or the authorities (the palace), the square, a house of worship, markets, as well as prisons. Laying the edifice was made of 4 angle scheme where every corner has a magical might as well as strength. That is why every hamlet inwards ancient times has ever given the offerings at for certain times, fifty-fifty on the marketplace according to the calculation is also associated amongst mocopat system, namely

• placed westward pound cruel Mon as well as Tuesday,
• the due east is placed legi cruel on Friday,
• located due south Pahing falls on Sabbatum as well as Sunday,
• north wage put downward on Midweek as well as Thursday, and
• towards the middle is placed kliwon cruel on Fri as well as Saturday.

So the pattern of community composition mocopat is a belief inwards arranging as well as placing a four-cornered building, the administrative centre of the uppercase construction are the foursquare around the palace, as well as in that location are buildings of worship, markets, as well as prisons.

e. Puppet arts

Original puppet arts stem from ancestor worship of spirits. Wayang puppet originally manifested every bit ancestors played past times puppeteers at night. With blinds as well as lighting systems tranquillity behind as well as moving dolls digerak shadow puppets that await every bit if alive. If the spirits of ancestors possessed puppeteer, the puppeteer volition vocalization their ancestors that incorporate audio advice to their children as well as grandchildren. Upon arrival to the archipelago Hinduism as well as thus replaced ancestral floor Ramayana as well as Mahabharata. Then replaced amongst a puppet grapheme inwards the Mahabharata story. Function was switched every bit the exhibit as well as the audience to consider from the front end curtain.

f. Art gamelan

Art gamelan something to attain amongst the fine art of puppet. Art gamelan is used to accompany wayang. At the fourth dimension of planting flavor is over an ancient club that made gamelan musical instruments, developed the fine art of batik, as well as held all-night puppet exhibit to endure seen past times the populace inwards the vicinity.

g. Batik Art

Batik fine art is a arts and crafts to brand images on cloth. How to pull the appropriate utilization of canting is filled amongst liquid wax stuff (the Javanese telephone band it dinner) that has been heated, as well as and thus depicted on the fabrics according to his motives.

h. Community settings

Our ancestors lived inwards groups. They agreed to endure together, living mutual cooperation, as well as democratic. They take away a leader who is considered to protect the populace from a multifariousness of disorders including disorders spirit thus that a leader is considered to convey supernatural powers more. Method of electing leaders who are so-called primus inter pares, is that peculiarly amid the many. Thus, a leader is best for them together.

i. Economic scheme amongst the familiar trade

Human needs are ever demanding to endure met. To run into the necessities of life, ancient peoples exchanged goods (barter) from 1 surface area to another.

j. Belief system

Humans are composed of physically as well as spiritually led to a spiritual belief that after personified inwards existent terms. System of populace confidence inwards Republic of Indonesia began to grow inwards the lifetime of hunting as well as gathering food, every bit evidenced past times the uncovering of cave wall paintings inwards South Sulawesi ruby-red hand-shaped cap amongst fingers outstretched. The paradigm was interpreted every bit a source of strength or a symbol of protection to preclude evil spirits. Humans endure inwards an historic menses of farming convey believed inwards gods of nature that created the flood, volcano eruption, earthquake, as well as thus on.

So, tin nosotros know that the tradition of Republic of Indonesia earlier the familiar newspaper is every bit follows.

1. Of community organizations already exist, namely the existence of organized society, democratic, as well as take away their leaders amongst the primus inter pares inwards the shape of tribalism.
2. Community or social establishment is a community that endure inwards groups every bit social beings, as well as worked together.
3. Having a cognition of nature, namely utilizing the surrounding nature every bit a shape of caring as well as maintaining the natural environment.
4. Already familiar amongst the scheme of rice field.
5. Sailing as well as trading capabilities past times utilizing a monsoon, as well as fifty-fifty they had dared to navigate the vast sea.
6. Perundagian already convey the technology, ie, metallic casting scheme amongst bivalve as well as a cire Perdue.
7. Belief scheme was originally worshiped the spirits of ancestors as well as worship the gods.
8. Already convey a scheme of barter economy.

3. Leaving the Past Ways

Collective sense of a club is defined every bit the past. Some ways that tin endure used past times people to transcend on his past times is every bit follows. Try to await at as well as explore the mythology that exists around your area. After that, inquire your elders or community leaders or anyone who tin render data close the mythology. Next, write inwards floor form. The results depict the class, inwards turn. Innovative as well as Creative Period History Pre Literacy as well as Literacy 25

1. Training as well as impersonation. Knowledge as well as abilities that convey been owned as well as passed downward through fake training, either past times give-and-take or deed. For representative cleverness made tools of rock or of iron. They passed news to the side past times side generation through the impersonation of making those tools. Including also cognition as well as science hunting, cooking food, farming, bersawah as well as thus on.
2. Narrative, ie past times way of said orally. That is, the skills as well as cognition possessed past times the people passed on the way is told to hereafter generations.
3. The work, although people were non familiar amongst writing but convey had the sense, amongst his wits terminate number of cultural communities. With this civilization he left his past times to the side past times side generation. Thus through the piece of occupation or the civilization it has, as well as thus it tin endure known close the patterns of life as well as community life.