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| HOW ABOUT CULTURE OF PAPUA? | It has long been the northwest tip of New Republic of Guinea in addition to the entire due north coast is influenced past times the resident population of the Moluccas (Ambon, Ternate, Tidore, Seram in addition to Key), thus it is non surprising that tribes along the coast (Fak-Fak, Sorong, Manokwari in addition to Gulf Cenderawasih) were classified equally to a greater extent than worthy of the Ras Ras Melanesia Papua. Protestant Christian missionaries or mission of Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany (Ottow & Geissler) arrives on the isle Mansinam Manokwari Feb 5, 1855 to farther spread the faith along the northern coast of Irian. On Feb 5, 1935, recorded to a greater extent than than 50,000 people embraced Protestant Christianity. Then inwards 1898 the Dutch East Indies regime opened the get-go regime post service inwards Fak-Fak in addition to Manokwari in addition to the regime continued amongst the opening post service inwards Merauke inwards 1902.

From the Catholic mission Merauke religious activities initiated in addition to inwards full general along the southern coast of Irian. In 1933 at that spot were 7100 people Catholic faiths. Primary teaching is largely organized past times both the religious mission, inwards which schoolhouse teachers in addition to religious teachers to a greater extent than ofttimes than non come upward from Eastern Republic of Indonesia (Ambon, Ternate, Tidore, Seram, Key, Manado, Sanger-Talaud, in addition to Timor), where lessons are given inwards Malay. The sectionalization of these ii religious groups that seem identical to the province of affairs inwards Kingdom of the Netherlands where Protestant Christianity inwards North in addition to Catholic Christians inwards the South.

Education gets a substantial portion of the budget of the Dutch government, inwards the concluding years of the colonial period, this teaching budget reached 11% of all expenditure inwards 1961. However, teaching is non tailored to the needs of the task sector of modern economies, in addition to which are preferred are the values  of the Dutch in addition to the Christian religion. At the terminate of 1961 teaching conception aimed at increasing concern skills, but are preferred teaching for spiritual in addition to social progress. Although the linguistic communication of "Malay" linguistic communication used equally "Franca" (Lingua Franca), Dutch was soundless taught equally a compulsory linguistic communication from primary schools, the languages  English, German linguistic communication in addition to French is a minute linguistic communication which began to last taught inwards high school.

In the 1950's basic teaching continues to last done past times both the religious mission. It is recorded that inwards 1961 at that spot were 496 mission schools without subsidies amongst some 20,000 students. Elementary schools are subsidized equally much equally 776 past times the release of pupils inwards 1961 past times virtually 45,000 students, in addition to alone handled past times the missions, in addition to religious studies is a compulsory dependent area inwards this case. In 1961 recorded 1,000 students studying inwards junior high school, 95 people of Irian Studying abroad such equally Holland, Port Moresby, in addition to Commonwealth of Australia where at that spot is a academy entrance in addition to at that spot is an incoming School of Nursing School of Agriculture in addition to Health (eg the Netherlands National Institute for Tropica Agriculture in addition to the Papuan Medical College inwards Port Moresby).

Although the Netherlands volition accept to pass large to menbangun West Irian, but the human relationship betwixt town in addition to hamlet or villages remains limited. Marine in addition to unusual relations conducted past times the fellowship Koninklijk Paketvaart Maatschappij (KPM), which connects the cities of Hollandia, Biak, Manokwari, Sorong, Fak-Fak, in addition to Merauke, Singapore, the Netherlands. In add-on at that spot are minor boats owned past times the regime for purposes of governmental duties. The Netherlands too opened 17 offices that serve the POS in addition to telecommunication across the city. There is a radio telephone which tin last contacted via Biak, Hollandia, Amsterdam, too inwards each metropolis at that spot is a phone. There are airlines Luchvaart Maatschappij Nederland Nieuw Republic of Guinea (NNGLM) that organizes regular flights betwixt Hollandia, Biak, Manokwari, Sorong, Merauke, in addition to Jayawijaya amongst the DC-3 aircraft, followed past times the airlines in addition to Koniklijk Luchvaart Kroonduif Maatschappij (KLM) for overseas flights from Biak. Already since 1950 the airfield became Biak International field. In add-on to the flight, at that spot are too flights organized past times the Protestant mission called Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF) in addition to the flying organized past times the Catholic mission named Associated Mission Aviation (AMA), which serves flights to missionary outposts inwards the hinterland. The streets at that spot are or thus major cities inwards the Hollandia 140 Km, 135 Km Biak, Manokwari 105 Km, 120 Km Sorong, Fak-Fak v Km in addition to lxx Km Merauke.

About the civilization of the population or civilization of people inwards West Irian tin last said to last diverse, some tribes accept a civilization that is high plenty in addition to the amazing tribes of the South Coast of New Republic of Guinea who is directly amend known equally the tribes' ASMAT "tribal grouping is notorious for having excellence inwards damage of carving in addition to dance. Culturally various population of New Republic of Guinea tin last characterized past times a release of local languages, peculiarly inwards West Irian. Based on the results of studies of husband-wife Barr of the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) inwards 1978 at that spot are 224 local languages inwards West Irian, where the release volition locomote on to rising given the interrogation is soundless ongoing. Languages inwards West Irian Melanesian languages ??are classified into groups in addition to classified inwards 31 groups of languages, namely:

Tobati, Kuime, Sewan, Kauwerawet, Pauwi, Ambai, Turu, Wondama, Roon, Hatam, Arfak, Karon, Kapaur, Waoisiran, Mimika, Kapauku, Moni, Ingkipulu, Pesechem, Teliformin, Awin, Mandobo, Auyu, Sohur, Boazi, Klader, Komoron, Jap, Marind-Anim, Yenan, in addition to Serki. The release of languages mentioned inwards a higher house are real varied ranging from dozens to tens of thousands of people.

Traditionally, this type of residential community of West Irian tin last divided into four groups where each type has a trend of socio-economic in addition to cultural life of its own.

Coastal population;

Population is the principal livelihood equally a fisherman inwards add-on to gardening in addition to sago mix tailored to the residential neighborhood. Communication amongst the metropolis in addition to the exterior community is non unusual to them.

Rural population who inhabited the lowlands;

They include sago gatherers, gardening, angling river, hunting dihuta surrounding environment. They were happy to wander inwards minor groups. They are at that spot to inhabit dry out Earth in addition to at that spot are inhabiting brackish swamps in addition to along streams in addition to rivers. Customs of them tight in addition to e'er last suspicious of newcomers.

Population inhabiting the mount valleys;

They grow crops, in addition to raising pigs equally the principal livestock, sometimes they hunt in addition to reap the rewards of the forest. The blueprint of settlement remained inwards groups, amongst a friendly appearance when compared amongst the minute type population (2). Customs are strictly run past times the "Pig Party" equally its symbol. Tight inwards the concord in addition to maintain their promises. The revenge is an human activity of heroism inwards the search for social equilibrium through "War of Interest" that tin last likened to a game or competition. Cosmos, the nature of suspicious strangers at that spot but non equally tight equally the population of type 2 (two).

Population inhabiting the mountainous slopes of the mountain;

Looking at the house of settlements that rest on the slopes of the mountain, giving the impression that they occupy a strategic house to achieve the enemy where equally early on equally possible e'er notice every living brute that approached the settlements. Their customs are real strict, some are soundless "cannibal" until now, in addition to suicide is a commendable activity if violated customary because it volition avoid the disaster of the entire grouping of people. Tribal wars is a search for a residue of social activity, in addition to suspicious of strangers is quite high equally well.

In various cultures of Irian population at that spot is a mystical motility amongst a pop term that is ofttimes called cargo cults. There is an lawsuit that most parents cargo motility inwards Irian Jaya inwards 1861 in addition to occurred at Biak named "Koreri". Events or movements of the concluding cargo inwards 1959 until 1962 inwards Gakokebo-Enarotali (Paniai district) called "WERE / WEGE" equally has been noted that this motility was originally politically motivated.

At the fourth dimension of leaving the Dutch West Irian, proficient positions inwards the champaign of governance, evolution (service-bureau) equally both a leader in addition to the leadership handed over to the sons of the soil medium (people of Papua / West Irian) inwards accordance amongst the capabilities they have. Also the whole solid in addition to property, including buildings in addition to Earth owned past times the Dutch handed over to their acquaintances Papuans (helper in addition to workmates) to have, because they tin non sell it in addition to no buyer at that time.

The Netherlands too exit an excess of conflict betwixt tribes equally a effect of political activity that is a conflict betwixt "Elite Pro-Papua" in addition to "Elite Pro-Indonesia" marked past times antagonism betwixt the "Tribe versus tribe Serui Biak, Jayapura Tribe land-versus Red Tribe Serui ", although inwards this instance non everyone is pro-Biak Papua, non everyone was pro-Indonesia Serui in addition to non everyone Tanah Merah was pro-Jayapura-Papua in addition to pro-Indonesia.

Based on the experience of the Dutch inwards Republic of Indonesia or independence of the Dutch East Indies inwards 1945, the Dutch inwards West Irian colonize extreme caution at all inwards improving the lives of people inwards various fields, in addition to deliberately slowing the progression of the Dutch inwards New Republic of Guinea / New Republic of Guinea inwards accordance amongst permintahaan in addition to needs of people people of West Irian. Let's state that this is a shape of "a New Ethical-Political Style". This includes efforts to shape a "Papuan Nationalism". Dutch way thus it causes the people of Irian Jaya did non experience that they are beingness colonized because they alive inwards a province of the economic scheme is proficient in addition to non experience whatsoever hurting in addition to pressure level from the Netherlands.

Papuan

Papua is a part of Republic of Indonesia is the discussion listing (Provinces) inwards Indonesia, located on the western constituent of New Republic of Guinea isle in addition to surrounding islands.

Papua is sometimes invoked equally kerana Papua West Papua should last referred to the entire isle of New Republic of Guinea or the constituent due south of the province its neighbors, Papua New Guinea. West Papua is the term preferred past times nationalists who desire to separate the Papuan than Republic of Indonesia in addition to shape their ain country. Region (Province) was get-go identified past times the telephone telephone of West Irian inwards 1969 until 1973, his shout out in addition to thus exchanged into Irian Jaya past times Suharto, a shout out soundless used past times Rasmi until 2002. The shout out of the part (province) was changed to Papua inwards accordance amongst Law No. 21/2001 Special autonomy inwards Papua. During the colonial era, the surface area was called New Republic of Guinea Netherlands (Dutch New Guinea).

Papua is a part (province) located inwards the eastern part of the Republic of Republic of Indonesia in addition to is a part total of hope. The terrain has non been much aktiviti diterokai past times humans in addition to Papua is rich amongst natural resources in addition to promising opportunities for developing trade. The Earth is filled amongst vast forests, body of body of water in addition to various biotanya in addition to millions of Earth suitable for agriculture. In their Earth tum too stores the master gas, stone oil in addition to various minerals that are only waiting for diterokai.

Content listing

1 Governance

2 Geography

3 Climate

4 Topography

5 Social in addition to Cultural

6 Languages

7 Religion

8 East Mountain inwards Papua

Government

(provincial) metropolis thousands of Papua inwards Jayapura in addition to composed than pentadbirannya: nine namely Jayapura Regency Government, Jayawijaya, Merauke, Fak-Fak, Sorong, Manokwari, Biak Numfor, Yapen Waropen in addition to Nabire. Two local regime namely Jayapura in addition to Sorong, iii Government District Administrative namely Puncak Jaya, Mimika in addition to Paniai. Number of District inwards Papua is the 173 districts roofing 2712 villages in addition to 91 urban villages.

Geography

Papua is located on the seat of 0 ° xix '- 10 ° 45' latitude in addition to 130 ° 45 '- 141 ° 48' E, sesetengah occupies the western constituent of Papua New Republic of Guinea which is the minute largest isle subsequently Greenland. In fizikal, Papua is a part (province), the largest inwards Indonesia, amongst a Earth surface area of  21.9% of the amount of Earth throughout Republic of Indonesia kesuluruhan namely 421.981 km ², stretching from westward to due east (Sorong - Jayapura) along 1.200 km (744 stone) in addition to from the due north to the due south (Jayapura-Merauke) along 736 km (456 stone). Other than a yard, Papua too has many islands along the pesisirannya. In coastal northern isle of Biak there, Numfor, Yapen in addition to Mapia. In the western constituent is Salawati Island, Batanta, Gag, in addition to Yefman Waigeo. In coastal South Island at that spot are too Kalepon, Komoran, Adi, Dolák in addition to length, whereas inwards the eastern constituent bersempadan amongst Papua New Guinea.

Climate

Papua is located only due south of the equator, but kerana the mountainous part the climate inwards Papua Republic of Indonesia varies greatly exceeds other regions. In western in addition to northern coastal areas of tropical humid climate amongst average rainfall tadahan numbered betwixt 1500-7500 mm per year. Tadahan highest rainfall occurred inwards northern coastal in addition to fundamental highlands, spell the lowest occurred tadahan pelting on the coast south. The air temperature varies parallel amongst increasing altitude. For every increase inwards height of 100 m (900 ft), the average temperature volition decrease 0.6 ° C.

Topography

Papua topography varies from lowlands to highlands swampy filled amongst tropical pelting forests, grasslands in addition to valleys. In the middle constituent too contained a serial of high mountains along the 650 km. One constituent than the mount is a famous mountainous Jayawijaya kerana at that spot are iii that although the highest peak located inwards the equatorial ruler but e'er covered past times salji inwards Jayawijaya peak amongst an height of 5.030 m (15,090 feet), the peak Trikora 5.160 m (15.480 feet) in addition to Yamin 5.100 m summit (15,300 feet). The major rivers in addition to their tributaries flowing to the due south in addition to north. Digul River which originated from the rural district of Merauke to flow into the Arafura Sea. Warenai River, which passes Wagona in addition to Mamberamo Jayawijaya, Jayapura Paniai in addition to empties into the Pacific Ocean. Rivers has an of import role for communities along its flow equally both a source of H2O for daily life, equally a fisherman mahupun equally a agency of connecting to the exterior area. In add-on at that spot are too several lakes, including the famous is Lake Sentani inwards Jayapura, Lake Yamur, Tigi Lake in addition to Lake Paniai inwards Nabire in addition to Paniai.

Social Culture

In areas of varied topography of Papua at that spot are hundreds of ethnic groups amongst the civilization in addition to customs of each differed. With reference to the distinction topography in addition to customs thus inwards amnya, resident inwards Papua bezakan into 3 major groups namely:

• Population of coastal areas in addition to islands amongst mutual characteristics, a solid on poles (houses on stilts), livelihoods pound sago in addition to grab fish.
• Residents living inland inwards areas rivers, swamps, lakes in addition to valleys in addition to foothills. In full general livelihood is fishing, hunting in addition to collecting wood products.
• Highland surface area residents amongst gardening farming livelihoods inwards a simple.
• In general, the Papuan people living inwards the kinship organisation that embraces paternity or patrilinea.

Language

In Papua, at that spot are hundreds of regional languages which prepare on the existing ethnic groups. Various various languages has led to difficulties inwards communicating betwixt i ethnic grouping past times other ethnic groups. Therefore, Indonesian Rasmi used past times communities inwards Papua, fifty-fifty downwardly to the interior.

Religion

Religion is i real of import expression to people's lives inwards Papua in addition to inwards damage of divinity, Papua tin serve equally an illustration for other regions. Kristian religious Majoriti Papuans, however, along amongst the evolution ease of carry to in addition to from Papua, the release of people of other faiths including Islam is too growing. Many preachers equally at that spot are foreigners mahupun Indonesian people themselves who perform religious missions inwards the interior-interior of Papua. Their of import role inwards helping the community together through the schools at that spot are preachers, perubatan mahupun straight assistance to educate local communities inwards the fields of agriculture, teaching Indonesian linguistic communication in addition to cognition Amali others - others. Preachers too a pioneer inwards opening routes to inland areas that accept non been nurtured past times regular flights.

East Mountain inwards Papua

Carstensz Pyramids

Puncak Jaya

Peak Sumantri Brodjonegoro

Carstensz Peak East

Peak Trikora