| History of the Kubu tribe (Tribe Child) | History of people's army camp inwards a rattling long story on the coast of Sumatra are connected amongst the pirates, who brought along their families. Told that inwards the lawsuit of a blood brother in addition to a adult woman pirate has a commitment to bargain incest, until in addition to thence the meaning woman's brother. Partner's hollo is non known because the army camp mentabukan to refer the hollo of his ancestors.
The couplet was cursed past times the pirates, in addition to thrown into the bush, in addition to flora the rootage settlement on the river Lalan Kubu. People who take keep blood lines from this pair called the Bari, "people of the skillful one-time times". While the modern history of developing to a greater extent than authentic army camp in addition to took his role inwards the early on mid 17th century, where the Queen Senuhun come upwardly to the people's army camp inwards Palembang. This faction people serve equally a dependent land prince. "Piagem" copper given past times him to the people that still be amid the families who take keep it.
Ras Veddoid
Loeb attempted to link race amongst culture. He saw that betwixt race in addition to civilisation equally a whole. This is evident inwards several accounts of people's army camp sees equally racial Veddoid. He sees in that location is continuity in addition to cultural similarities betwixt the races Veddoid. Sakai in addition to the stronghold for example, inwards add-on to having the same type of race, also has a similar culture. Similarities of civilisation such equally appear inwards a nomadic way of life, how to dress, in addition to habits of people who are non circumcised camp. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 habit mutual to Veddoid gild at large, although in that location are exceptions to the Australian people.
Besides Veddoid, inwards Sumatra in that location are ii other races of Negrito in addition to Malaysian (Malay). Veddoid ain racial traits take keep high short-and betwixt 153-158 cm for male. They are chocolate-brown but lighter. Their pilus is wavy, coarse dark hair, has a protrusion protruding eyes, in addition to forehead is hollowed. Snub their noses, coarse face, in addition to mentum are hollowed. Their mouths are large amongst sparse lips. Veddoid is dolichocephalic (skull index of less than 75) in addition to has a modest skull. According to Loeb, race Veddoid blood is in addition to thence mixed amongst other races. Interest Senoi or Sakai is 1 illustration of the remaining races which, according to Loeb Veddoid pristine. Kleiweg de Zwaan, a Dutch scientist, believe that race Veddoid inwards Sumatra has a blood human relationship amongst the race Vedda inwards Ceylon / Sri Lanka. Van Dongen fifty-fifty wrote that the army camp does non take keep folkore. It resembles Veddas people inwards Sri Lanka (Ceylon), who also gained Singhalese civilisation that has lost its master copy linguistic communication in addition to folkorenya.
In Sumatra, Veddoid bloodline is seen rattling prominently amid the people's army camp inwards Palembang. According to Loeb, race veddoid inwards Sumatra inwards the ii tribes, namely the People's army camp in addition to Sakai inwards Siak province. There are some people inwards the Malay peninsula which has a resemblance to them. Like the people on the Enggano in addition to Mentawai. Loeb also concluded that the primitive Malay inwards Sumatra is a mixed race amongst Veddoid. He referred to Kleiweg de Zwaan which indicates that the primitive civilisation of the Malay civilisation has similarities amongst veddoid. As shown inwards the Senoi Tribe / Sakai is rattling typical. They are nomadic, living from hunting in addition to fishing, brand your ain cabin, in addition to leather wearing clothes of asceticism. In add-on they utilisation a blowpipe in addition to poisoned darts, Senoi Tribe also utilisation bows in addition to arrows. They are monogamous in addition to has no formal leaders to atomic number 82 them. They also do non genuinely larn nigh agriculture. They take keep a Canis familiaris equally an beast hunters. Also past times Kleiweg de Zwaan, described them do non recognize function related to metal, ceramics, in addition to waeving.
Kubu ain people according to Loeb endure inwards the swamps that be betwixt the river Musi, Rawas, Tembesi, in addition to Trunk today. They gathered in addition to recorded inwards several villages / hamlets. In 1907 in that location were 7590 people registered Kubu dispersed inwards five genera. Physically, according to Loeb their lives pretty miserable, particularly women. Almost all of them take keep converted to Islam, but only the transfer of the hollo only. They are non allowed to consume nutrient that has go their habit, the marks omnivorous, in addition to consume all kinds of animals are bled, although it has decayed.
Relations amongst the People's army camp The Malays
Relations betwixt the ii tribes is a merchandise human relationship that is never done directly, but is done past times way of "silent barter" or barter inwards secret. They left his asset inwards the bushes, in addition to the Malays who took it in addition to supplant it amongst other goods, equally payment.
Although they are less direct intercourse amongst the Malays, to select languages Loeb Kubu people, social organizations, in addition to religious people of Palembang Malay. He saw that a lot of cultural elements drawn from the army camp elements of Malay culture. More precisely, he said in that location was a impersonation of cultural values of the Malays. There are several facts which he phrases to reinforce his opinion. For illustration a contestation nigh the amount of to a greater extent than than 1 wife.
Another illustration he gives is how people army camp in addition to destination the work amongst outsiders. In solving the problem, naturally in that location is no state of war betwixt the diverse communities Persons camps, or past times outsiders. And Loeb saw that the way of resolving it, they acquire from the Malays. Or the organized faith of camp, which he values is the initial shape of the confidence of the Malays was when they still believe inwards Hinduism. Although he knows simply a picayune know nigh the master copy keyakian Kubu people, he saw that the practise of shamanism people's army camp has shown that these people take keep been affected past times the Malays inwards the practise in addition to doctrine, long earlier they take keep a concern for many adopted inwards the way of civilisation the material. He also stated unequivocally that inwards practise in that location is no watch nigh shamanism Kubu, this is a Hindu in addition to Malay.
Loeb saw the army camp slowly inwards the changing blueprint of his life, in addition to resume his life equally a wanderer inwards the bush until the Dutch authorities forced them to settle downward in addition to do the farming. Although at this army camp refused to function equally green in addition to bathroom (hlm.282). He sees a large modify inwards life occurs when a person's army camp inwards Palembang Dutch authorities took the materials from them in addition to utilisation the Malay people to collect taxes nether the supervision of the Dutch government. Natural resources products from the wood are collected equally taxes. And inwards 1890, when fossil oil was flora inwards Palembang, People's army camp since it began learning to utilisation the coin (p. 282).
Loeb categorizing people's army camp inwards ii types, namely the wild in addition to the civilized stronghold. He distinguishes based on the blueprint of his life. For example, he calls the army camp a wild are nomadic people whose life (wandering) in addition to the army camp is a civilized gild that has lived settled. He gave examples of how the army camp was a wild, similar Kubu Ridan is almost longer than 1 calendar month inwards 1 place, sometimes only a week, depending on the keadaanya, similar the trees approximately it are simply menawakan picayune food, or non plenty fish inwards the river or swamp- swamp, in addition to they tin lav non acquire his favorite food, turtles they would move. This is dissimilar from the people who settled Kubu, who tried to endure from agriculture. Also inwards social organization, a civilized people army camp / rest divided on the footing of brothers, inwards their faux to their neighbors, the wild army camp has only a line of piece of work solid unit of measurement arrangement (p. 284).
Loeb saw categorization Kubu Kubu is settled in addition to the wild equally a final result of coercion past times the Dutch government. At that fourth dimension the Dutch authorities to strength people to want to settle downward in addition to do Kubu agricultural businesses. Yet in that location is 1 faction that refused to function equally green in addition to bathroom (hlm.282). He sees a large modify inwards life occurs when a person's army camp inwards Palembang Dutch authorities took the materials from them in addition to utilisation the Malay people to collect taxes nether the supervision of the Dutch government. Natural resources products from the wood are collected equally taxes. And inwards 1890, when fossil oil was flora inwards Palembang.
Loeb saw a wild army camp to take keep a depression character. As apparent when he talks nigh nutrient in addition to eating patterns of people who do non know the army camp wild rice, in addition to unusual to consume it. He said that they would non consume cats, tigers, in addition to elephants. They ate wild boar, all species of monkeys, in addition to turtles, animals that are non eaten past times the Malays. They are rattling happy amongst bananas. They prefer to consume fruits, bulbous flora (root earth), worms / caterpillars, lizards, in addition to snakes. They dig to respect worms in addition to plants are spread using the flakes are formed of bamboo, or a machete that was imported from the Malays. All the nutrient was burnt on the fire, playing approximately a fighting in addition to and thence they eat. They do non utilisation salt.
For the tape stigma given to their name, the army camp did non want to endure called a civilized way, they prefer to endure called equally The Land or Sea, residents that endure on set down or river. In 1906, Van Dongen, associated amongst an isolated army camp inwards the swamps Ridan River where they had left the army camp name. For to a greater extent than looks civilized, they utilisation your words.
But inwards reality, non all cultural values are lost at Kubu Kubu people who settled. What happens is that the forms of variation of the values ??that already exist. He cited the "melangan", the tradition of leaving the dead or dying past times his family. He saw that the exception inwards a civilized person's army camp when the sick are children. They do non necessarily go out the sick, equally did the wild camp, but he volition reckon him first. After the perceived likelihood of recovery, he volition select aid of the sick. If the patient dies, they'll go elsewhere. As he expressed,
"Even amid civilized stronghold, where a sick human being in addition to believed that they would non recover, the line of piece of work solid unit of measurement of the sick volition flee into the bush. If the children are dying, only the parents to continue him company. This is a sign that people are dying to select the disagreement. When the line of piece of work solid unit of measurement left the sick man, nevertheless is also someone inwards the family, unremarkably brothers, returned abode after three days. If the patient remains alive, he tried to heal it. If the sick somebody dies, the somebody investigating volition tell women in addition to children who are inwards the bush. And in addition to thence his line of piece of work solid unit of measurement would provide abode in addition to sowed the rice approximately it.
Social Organizations
In social organization, Loeb Kubu people talking nigh marriage, nativity in addition to decease processes of Kubu. In marriage, never known inwards their native laws nigh incest or scheme of relationships. Schebesta wrote that that at the time, line of piece of work solid unit of measurement relationships terdekatpun endure married, in addition to no rejection inwards their custom. Loeb inwards his book, explains some of the traditions of the Wilderness he thinks matrimony is simple. For example, he describes the procedure of their marriage,
How do immature men in addition to women ran together into the bush in addition to brand connections which atomic number 82 them to marry. The girls volition conjoin presently after puberty. There were no ceremonies, but the pair came to the elders / elders in addition to formalize their relationship. People who are the oldest of the ii families featuring a nuptials rites. The couple, who married amongst the somebody sitting side past times side to some other on the ground. Parents enquire the nuptials couplet if the adult woman volition want to acquire married, in addition to she repeated what her wishes. Then the one-time human being made a contestation that if in that location is someone who volition encounter amongst the couplet should non bother because they're married.
According to Loeb in addition to they do non recognize a political party unknown dowry / bride price. People's army camp says that the matrimony pair formally obtain blessing from their neighbors past times putting together a modest finger to the correct of the couplet equally a sign they had seat together.
Faction amid the to a greater extent than civilized, Kubu Klumpang, matrimony also is also shown past times the ii members of the elders / elders from both families, in addition to the elders gave her permission first, but never responded when the mating lari.sebagai signs of marital couples eating rice wrapped inwards leaves banana.
Divorce is done without ceremony, in addition to men tin lav endure having an matter amongst a adult woman or women who take keep been married. One immature man child encountered wild Kubu Van Dongen has been cheated twice past times the same woman. In the illustration of divorce the children volition participate amongst their parents that they like, but inwards full general they naturally bring together her mother.
When pregnant, women are forbidden to hold back at / hold back dead, elephant, or buffalo. The nativity procedure must select house inwards the bushes. Women who give nativity assisted past times some other adult woman or her husband. Newborn kid is non washed, but cleaned amongst a foliage in addition to tapa clothing. Mother tin lav run equally fast equally possible, sometimes correct away or the solar daytime after giving birth, she was solitary or was accompanied past times her married adult man inwards search of food. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 faction do non similar when his married adult woman gave nativity to twins or triplets, thence he must function harder to back upwardly them. He saw that a adult woman who gave nativity to a kid such equally a caprine animal that gave nativity to many offspring inwards 1 nativity process.
The children follow their parents, rest in addition to explore shared nutrient amongst them, until they plow 10 or 12 years. Then they are able to select aid of herself, wearing their ain clothes, in addition to create a shelter nigh the cottage of his parents. During this fourth dimension they must respect their ain nutrient in addition to no longer consume amongst people who are older.
If in that location is a faction who died suddenly, sick or dying seorangnya 1 that ensures that he volition die, in addition to thence his line of piece of work solid unit of measurement volition go out it, go out a dead or dying inwards the neighborhoods, in addition to create novel a novel shelter to corking distance. No to a greater extent than danger that taken of the sick. In a way, if a faction of finding the dot / house where a somebody dies, or is the draw of the stamps are dead, they volition run away equally fast equally they could. Escape the activity of the deceased referred to equally "melangan".
Having wrapped the corpse inwards traditional dress, berbariung on the base of operations of the bed in addition to took him to the grave, in addition to and thence inserted inwards the hole depth of nigh three feet. After putting the nutrient inwards the cemetery, the ceremony has been completed. There is some other role of the seat of the trunk betwixt the civilized army camp including placement inwards tree hollows, or go out them inwards a hut in addition to laid mail away nigh the building.
At this time, after the decease of her husband, a widow volition go melangan into the bush for three months. After three months inwards the bush, the widow volition go dorsum in addition to acquire married again. If the widow were married earlier the fourth dimension specified, he must pay a fine to the line of piece of work solid unit of measurement of the deceased equally adultery / promiscuity.
Religion
Forbes, a British author who visited the army camp inwards the yr 1885, wrote "They seem to take keep no thought nigh kedaan after death. They say, When nosotros die, nosotros die. "Forbes knows that oang Kubu avoid death, inwards his article he writes," In the wild they kedaan they go out their deaths are non buried inwards a house where they died, giving a house fifty-fifty after the widespread where it spread ". Hagen also wrote that the army camp does non believe inwards the soul that lives on after death. Kubu people unloosen their decease to wildlife / wild.
According to Van Dongen, Kubu People trust based on the belief that every human existence is made upwardly mascara (material), spirit (semangat.jiwa, objects of thought) in addition to njawa (which create wellness / substance). Material trunk is equated amongst the carpenter. The soul is inwards njawa, or breath, which volition non go out until the human being dies the body, in addition to spirit. Spirit is the spirit or the ability to think, is that it tin lav go out the trunk in addition to wanders, simply similar a dream. In decease njawa in addition to spirit volition provide to sky in addition to they are accepted past times God or (Radja Njawa) for skillful or evil. Radja Njawa tin lav ditranlasikan, according to Van Dongen, is all soul / spirit, the spirit world, in addition to the strength of spirit / soul.
People know the shaman's camp, which he called equally a magician. People's army camp claimed that the rootage shaman called sorcerer kujug, achieving a grade in addition to take keep the ability to gratis the ghost, amongst her Canis familiaris (kujug) dorsum to life. Then, each part sends someone to written report nether the supervision of airplane pilot kujug, until every part gain malimnya ain head. In the acquaint give-and-take "magician" is a shorthand shape of "quack bermalim".
Malim caput coming generations, from manful somebody bring upwardly to eldest son. At this fourth dimension the main airplane pilot called pengasu (asu is a dog). Malim caput acts equally the acting caput of the liberation, religious ceremonies, in addition to religious gatherings are important. Other societies, where people who helped, unremarkably the students are unremarkably magician.
In the same way equally a sorcerer kujug assisted past times his married adult woman when he brings his Canis familiaris dorsum to kidupan back. By cleaning out the evil spirits of the animals, thence at nowadays every airplane pilot pengasu take keep his married adult woman equally a maid inwards the ceremony. The married adult woman in addition to thence acquire the nickname ulubalang.
If someone is sick, the airplane pilot called to cast out demons that be inwards the patient. The procession is called bermalim. There are several dissimilar ways of exorcism formulation past times using so-called pious songs, there's a ghost expulsion religious coming together non much dissimilar from other processes. The solar daytime earlier the healing procedure it must endure prepared, in addition to ready the nutrient equally needed. All the nutrient was brought inwards the "seven", in that location are 7 kinds of goods.
Malim which serves equally a maid in addition to ulubalang, do non consume anything during the nighttime of the exorcism, tetrapi they smoke in addition to chew betel. If in that location are other oprang eat, they volition sit down at a distance. Malim head, in addition to unremarkably aides equally well, closing the hole inwards their trunk equally long equally they perform their duties. They may take heed anything, reckon anything, fifty-fifty yawning or abdominal pain, ketuka concentrate. This is also the argue that the of import religious coming together was held this night hari.Menjelang ascent sun, the sorcerer in addition to his assistant main purify himself past times bathing. Then launder their bodies amongst lime.
The healing procedure tin lav endure done at abode who are sick if in that location is plenty space, but is unremarkably performed inwards the hall, communal house. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 cylindrical drum, tamboirin used equally the music, which is done past times hand.
Religious coming together (seance) is done to brand relationships amongst people who take keep died consist of 33 songs (pious). The final ii are rattling important. Saleh delivered inwards ways: first, the sorcerer tells the / extract of import than pious, both tambourine inwards fourth dimension in addition to people were standing. This is in addition to thence followed past times dancing, inwards which all people participate in addition to and thence terminated past times the airplane pilot alone. Third is a trip the lite fantastic that became widespread, in addition to thence sorcerer would autumn unconscious. San fourth, Malim in addition to thence awakened past times existence hitting past times his ain hand. Chief airplane pilot in addition to bless the sick in addition to the public, in addition to propose on the pious given.
When the pilot's caput is inwards kedaan trance, he could reckon the sick soul higher upwardly the trees, or drift inwards the line of piece of work solid roof, in addition to nether the influence of evil spirits. Spirit healer, the soul which is the rootage caput malaim, kujug magician, sorcerer takes the house of residence inwards the caput after the pious to 25, in addition to remained until the terminate of healing. Ghosts, nevertheless jugam non speak through the oral cavity of the magician.
Conclusion
Loeb saw 1 faction inside a cultural evolutionary perspective, he realized something was right. As he was maxim inwards the introduction to his book, that he chose to approach the theoretical evolutionary nature. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 theoretical thought that when the fourth dimension was existence prominent. He made contact amongst scientists evolusianari, similar Keller, Kroeber, in addition to Lowie (p. 3). So in addition to thence after seems reasonable that a comparing betwixt the cultures of people's camp, equally a race Veddoid in addition to Malay culture, equally the Malay race. Where both cultural comparing is seen inwards a perspective of the continuity of cultural evolution which departs from uncomplicated to the complex shape. Culture Kubu people, seen equally early on forms of Malay civilisation that looks simple. He sees civilisation equally complex equally the Malay civilisation is a civilisation that has a higher degree, compared amongst the civilisation of a primitive people's camp. For him, civilisation of the Malays has been a cultural reference dot for the Kubu. As he explained when he revealed that the social organization, language, in addition to organized faith of the army camp is a shape of adoption of Malay civilisation to gradually lost their master copy civilisation merges into the Malay culture. As he expressed
"There is no argue untuik dubiousness that the civilisation at a fourth dimension is a complex, at to the lowest degree similar the Sakai inwards the Malay peninsula. During pushed dorsum into the raw-marsh surface area inwards Palembang, in addition to surrounded past times a Malay army camp where people go parasites, in addition to from whom they are gradually getting a unusual linguistic communication in addition to culture, they take keep lost their indigenous noesis in addition to the arts. During that fourth dimension in that location kebahayaan to utilisation a biological analogy inwards conformity amongst human culture, because in that location is no dubiousness that people who are simply equally the parasite responsible for the decline equally a flora or beast parasites. Mentawai people are similar parasites inwards people of Malay to iron. But in addition to thence these people take keep a geographically to a greater extent than varied situations. Therefore, when they acquire what they ask from strangers, they carefully take all of which mightiness endanger their existence. "(P. 289).
He also revealed that inwards accordance amongst its monotonous in addition to uncomplicated stuff culture, the army camp also has a limited social in addition to religious development. Where what they elaborasikan is the origin of the Malays (p. 283). In looking at the religious people's camp, he saw the same or inwards accordance amongst an early on shape of the confidence of the Malays who used to endure Hindu. Loeb's army camp believe organized faith is genuinely a shape of organized faith which is taken from the civilisation of the Malays inwards the past.
As some other lawsuit from the perspective of cultural evolution of ethics is the watch of the author when he saw a culture. Loeb also acquit an assessment of the civilisation of Kubu. As he saw the army camp is a race that decreased levels (a degenerate race). Or those who take keep a depression character. As he said that
Kubu no contact amongst H2O during his life, amongst the exception of the pelting that they tin lav non avoid. The H2O is cool in addition to makes them sick. When they are dingy or smeared amongst mud, they volition create clean it past times using a machete or bamboo. Based on this refusal, they smelled rattling bad in addition to they are susceptible to pare disease. They demo the dexterity to avoid all places moisture / watery when traveling through the bush. Since they are accustomed to living inwards a dark thicket, they also do non similar sunlight. Women never cutting their hair, but the men inwards her pilus cutting amongst a machete.
The origin of the words Kubu, Lubu, in addition to Ulu. The term arose amid the villagers, Kubu agency orang-orang/seseorang who ate everything, including nutrient that is non clean, non where they endure / lived inwards the house, in addition to do non create clean their bodies equally a final result of their rejection of the water. Also, the categorization of people Kubu civilized in addition to wild. This categorization is biased because inwards pengkategoriannya, he based on the observation of visible symptoms alone.
From the methodological side, he has many weaknesses. He is a lot bases his writings on some of his one-time ethnographic writings of unusual scholars such equally Dutch, French, in addition to Germans who take keep many weaknesses inwards information collection techniques. While doing land function he did for several years, namely from the yr 1926 - 1927 in addition to 1928 - 1929, he was aware of the deficiency.
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